| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*er- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to be (aux.) | face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü (âñïîì.) | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- (i-ken (perf.) 'it appears', i-mes? (evident.) '...says that it is') | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"e-, er-u"r (fut.) | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"er- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"er- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"a"r- (D. GCh 182) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er- | face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er- | face="Times New Roman Star"e-/ir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"i-/ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ir- (Kakuk 182) | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 193-194, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 218-220, Stachowski 42, 46. The verb frequently occurs as e-, without the final -r- (see ibid.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r/ / *y:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 trace 2 furrow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåä 2 áîðîçäà, ìåæà | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1, yzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"y:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@r 1, júran 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1, yzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>d| 1, yd|an 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jiz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz, yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hyzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, ÝÑÒß 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Åãîðîâ 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *i:r/-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ÝÑÒß 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *i:r-te- (with *-r/- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irde:-, see Stachowski 128. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to patch | face="Times New Roman Star"ëàòàòü, øòîïàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jama- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"nama- | face="Times New Roman Star"naba- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama-, d/ama- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sama:- | face="Times New Roman Star"hama:- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ama- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ama- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"zama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"jama- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 934-935, ÝÑÒß 4, 108, Stachowski 94. Turk. > WMong. z?|ama-, Kalm. zam@- (KW 466). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to cover; to close, shut (the door) | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîêðûâàòü; çàêðûâàòü (äâåðü) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (AH, Ettuhf., Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|p- | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"jap-, d/ap- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- | face="Times New Roman Star"hap- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yp- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ap-, z?ap-, zap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, EDT 870-871; ÝÑÒß 4, 127-128 (with a careful distinction of *jap- 'create, make' and *jap- 'cover'), Stachowski 96-97. Derivates mean 'cloth, covering' (see Ëåêñèêà 545). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to split 2 split, crack | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàññåêàòü, ðàñêàëûâàòü 2 ùåëü, òðåùèíà | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja(r)- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1, jar-yG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-, d/ar- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/or- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sar-ka:x (adj.) 'split' | face="Times New Roman Star"sar-ka:k (adj.) 'split' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 954-955, VEWT 188-189, ÝÑÒß 4, 135-137, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 139, Stachowski 209. Very widespread are the derivatives *ja:ryk, *ja:rma 'crack, split' (see ÝÑÒß ibid.); Turk. *ja:rym 'half' (ÝÑÒß 4, 147) > Mong. z?|arim, z?|arimduq (KW 470, Ùåðáàê 1997, 123). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"not | face="Times New Roman Star"íå | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-my- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"interrogative particle | face="Times New Roman Star"âîïðîñèòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/-me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ba/be | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-im |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"-be |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-by | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-my | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu/my | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mo | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"Ìîðôîëîãèÿ 2. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ne:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"what | face="Times New Roman Star"÷òî | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ni, ne|rse| | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"na" | face="Times New Roman Star"ni | face="Times New Roman Star"na" | face="Times New Roman Star"na":, na":ma" | face="Times New Roman Star"nime, ni; no: `which' (*ne-gu) | face="Times New Roman Star"nebe `thing', no: `what' (*ne-gu) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"m@w|n (metathesis < *ne-me) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuox (*suox < *c?e-gu+ok?) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuok | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u": (*c?e-gu"), c?u"ve (*c?egu"-me) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u":, c?u"me | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ni, na"ma" | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"The earliest PT form must have contained a unique initial nasal (generally nasals were not allowed word-initially), having yielded specific reflexes in modern languages. See VEWT 352, EDT 774-5, Stachowski 230-231, ÝÑÒß 7, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 356. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"an ending of the 2d person | face="Times New Roman Star"îêîí÷àíèå 2-ãî ë. | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| (Orkh., OUygh.), -g| (Orkh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n, -j | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Ìîðôîëîãèÿ 23-26, 28, 32. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o:t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fire | face="Times New Roman Star"îãîíü | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot 'flame, fire' (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (Pav. C., Abush., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"u.t | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"od | face="Times New Roman Star"o:t | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"hu:.t | face="Times New Roman Star"vot | face="Times New Roman Star"uot | face="Times New Roman Star"uot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"oht |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 366, EDT 34, ÝÑÒß 1, 483-484, Ëåêñèêà 356, 361, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 133, Stachowski 245. OT ot-c?uq was borrowed in MMong. as oc?aq 'hearth' (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 196). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ten | face="Times New Roman Star"äåñÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"on (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"on (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"un | face="Times New Roman Star"on (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.n | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on, un | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"on |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"o:^.n | face="Times New Roman Star"vonú | face="Times New Roman Star"uon | face="Times New Roman Star"uon | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"un | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"uon, on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, VEWT 362, TMN 2, 163, ÝÑÒß 1, 455-456, Ëåêñèêà 573, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 130-131, Stachowski 244. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ot | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"grass | face="Times New Roman Star"òðàâà | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (AH, Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot, ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"udú, vudú (dial.) 'hay' | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"o't |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 34-35, ÝÑÒß 1, 481-483, Ëåêñèêà 119-120, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 294-295, Stachowski 197. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*oba | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"cavity, valley | face="Times New Roman Star"âïàäèíà, äîëèíà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ova |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uwa | face="Times New Roman Star"ova |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ova |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"howu |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uva |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 403. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*A:b | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hunt, chase | face="Times New Roman Star"îõîòà | face="Times New Roman Star"ab (Orkh.), av (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"av (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"av | face="Times New Roman Star"aw | face="Times New Roman Star"aw (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|v | face="Times New Roman Star"aw, dial. o: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ov | face="Times New Roman Star"a:v |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u: | face="Times New Roman Star"aw | face="Times New Roman Star"aw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uw | face="Times New Roman Star"av | face="Times New Roman Star"av |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"aw, haw | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 3, VEWT 1, ÝÑÒß 62-64, TMN 2, 131, Ëåêñèêà 417-418. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o(-l) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"that | face="Times New Roman Star"òîò | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"o | face="Times New Roman Star"u-l | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"u. | face="Times New Roman Star"u | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l, o | face="Times New Roman Star"o | face="Times New Roman Star"ol | face="Times New Roman Star"ol |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o-l | face="Times New Roman Star"o:., o_, u.o:./-ra | face="Times New Roman Star"vúw|-l | face="Times New Roman Star"ol | face="Times New Roman Star"ol | face="Times New Roman Star"ol | face="Times New Roman Star"ol | face="Times New Roman Star"o-s?o | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l | face="Times New Roman Star"o-s?o, u | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l | face="Times New Roman Star"o | face="Times New Roman Star"o | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l, u-sy 'this' | face="Times New Roman Star"u | face="Times New Roman Star"o-l | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360, ÝÑÒß 1, 444-445, 456, 492-494, TMN 2, 93, EDT 123-4, Stachowski 191. The form o is attested later than ol, but it certainly does not mean that it was absent in PT (despite Clauson). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ok | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"arrow | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòðåëà | face="Times New Roman Star"oq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"oq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ok | face="Times New Roman Star"uq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"u.q | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"ox| | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"ux | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"og|ú | face="Times New Roman Star"ox |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o'q |
| face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"uq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 389, ÝÑÒß 1, 437-438, TMN 2, 153, Ëåêñèêà 577, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 296. Cf. also Turk. *oklagu 'rolling pin' (ÝÑÒß 1, 441-442), Khal. ho.qlag|o_ (derived from ok-la- 'to roll' (R 1 1000, Chag.), a denominative from ok 'wheel axle' in the Oghuz and Qarluq groups). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bus- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to hide, lay an ambush | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðÿòàòüñÿ, óñòðàèâàòü çàñàäó | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (OUygh.- Suv.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"pus- | face="Times New Roman Star"pos- | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"pis-; pus- (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pus- 'to eavesdrop' | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bus-xo 'Hinterhalt, Lauer' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 371, ÝÑÒß 2, 278-279, TMN 2, 291-292. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sa:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"rafter | face="Times New Roman Star"ïëîò |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sal (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal (AH, Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|l | face="Times New Roman Star"sal |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:l | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal |
| face="Times New Roman Star"solú | face="Times New Roman Star"a:l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sal |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"hal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 824, VEWT 397, Ëåêñèêà 537, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 59, ÝÑÒß 7. Turk. > MMong. (SH) sal, WMong. sal, Kalm. sal (KW 309; TMN 3, 231, Ùåðáàê 1997, 144). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sal- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to put, throw 2 to drop, lower 3 tax 4 heavy | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëàñòü, êèäàòü 2 îïóñêàòü 3 íàëîã 4 òÿæåëûé | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1,2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, salgyn 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, sal-ym 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|l- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa(l)- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, salyg| 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, salym 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sol- 1, solúm 'heaviness' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 397, EDT 824, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 57, ÝÑÒß 7. Several derivatives with a velar suffix are used in Turk. for denoting downward motion or hanging: cf. OT salyg| 'taxes', Kirgh. salyq 'taxes; hanging down, limp'; SUygh. salyg| 'heavy'; Tur. salky 'weak, lax', Kirgh. salqy, Uzb. so|lqi- 'be loose, hang down' (see TMN 3, 265-266, ÝÑÒß 7). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"handle | face="Times New Roman Star"ðóêîÿòêà, ðó÷êà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sap (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|p | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sap |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sybú | face="Times New Roman Star"up | face="Times New Roman Star"up | face="Times New Roman Star"sy'p |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"hap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"sap |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sap | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 782, Ëåêñèêà 119, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 245. |
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